Lynn Tilton's Leadership Helps Turn Around Failing Companies Case Study

Lynn Tilton's Leadership Helps Turn Around Failing Companies - Case Study Example When it comes to her biophysical traits, Tilton maintains high energy level. To illustrate, Tilton usually walks down the manufacturing line and interacts with factory workers to ensure that everything is going fine. Finally, Tilton possesses a set of better personality traits such as self-confidence and self-efficacy when she lacks traits like self-regulating and sociability. 2. While analyzing the given case study, it is obvious that different positive and negative leadership traits and styles are displayed by Tilton. One of the major positive leadership traits of Tilton is that she is fair in her dealings, and has no favoritism. In addition, Tilton has deep understanding of the manufacturing processes and job activities. To illustrate, the case study makes it clear that Tilton has gained a detailed knowledge of metal alloys and machine-tools when she worked with MD Helicopter plant (470). Open and effective communication is another positive leadership trait expressed by Tilton. The case writer tells that Tilton quickly mingled with factory workers with her earthy jokes. The case study reflects that honesty is also a positive leadership behavior of Tilton (470). However, it is identified that Tilton is selfish and close minded. Throughout the case scenario, the author reflects that Tilton’s operations and decisions are self-centered, and she is not open to suggestion. Tilton’s vindictive behavior can be highlighted as a negative leadership trait. For instance, Tilton harshly replied to Ford Motor Company’s purchasing chief Tony Brown when he criticized Tilton’s operational approach (469). Tough personality is another negative leadership trait of Tilton, and this issue leads to high employee churn at Patriarch, according to the case study. 3. Managers often follow situational approaches toward leadership to obtain better outcomes, because situational leadership theories state that use of

The Knife of Never Letting Go - Dystopian Lit Essay Example for Free

The Knife of Never Letting Go Dystopian Lit Essay A dystopia is quite common as a literary subject. It is usually unpleasant, with a repressive society and/or strict ruling force, and is the flip side to another common literary subject; a utopian society, in which everything is perfect to either the inhabitants or/and protagonist. Some stories set in a dystopian universe or world may seem quite normal or maybe even perfect at first, but eventually the reasons behind that become apparent and become quite unpleasant for the protagonist as they are forced to fight against a society or group they were once a part of. Examples of this kind of dystopian world are in both Uglies [2005, Scott Westerfeld], where the reader follows the female protagonist, an ugly who is allowed to undergo surgery to become pretty -portrayed to be a perfect state in her world- once she turns sixteen, but over the course of the novel, she finds out it might not be everything she had hoped for. With mind manipulation by the ruling force, isolation between certain age groups until a coming of age ceremony and bulling the inferior group into wanting to do what the ruling force chooses- in Uglies, it is becoming a pretty who has purposely been given brain damage without consent, something she does not want to happen And in The Knife of Never Letting Go, which follows a very simular pattern. The main protagonist [Todd] is a boy, and will continue to be so until he is thirteen and has completed a coming of age ceremony of his own, and from then on is considered a man. Like in Uglies, becoming a man is considered a perfect state, or at least more idyllic than being a boy, and this is reinforced by bulling by his superiors -men- over his inferior state, thus making it seem that becoming a man is something he should want to become, so he is no longer isolated from his peers, and becomes one of the group. Again, over the course of the novel, he finds out exactly what become a man means, and it is far from what he wants to become. Some other examples of modern dystopian lit. can be found in these novels; Armageddons Children (2006) by Terry Brooks Bar Code Rebellion (2006) by Suzanne Weyn The Pesthouse (2007) by Jim Crace Extras (2007) by Scott Westerfeld The Host (2008) by Stephenie Meyer Double Cross (2008) by Malorie Blackman The Hunger Games (2008) by Suzanne Collins Revealing Eden (2012) by Victoria Foyt

walt whitman :: essays research papers

Walt Whitman   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Walt Whitman, born in 1819 to a family in Long Island, lived a very humble life before becoming a well known writer. He grew up in a community full of Quakers and followed religion very strictly as a child. Whitman loved reading the works of Ralph Waldo Emerson because he thought he related to Emerson’s ideas and theologies which closely corresponded to his own. At the age of 35, Whitman published his first book, Leaves of Grass, which was so successful that it appealed to other known poets worldwide. His talent was a great surprise to many. Whitman's abilities as a poet were unknown because his previous job was working for a local newspaper from which he got fired for being an abolitionist. It is believed, however, that Whitman's inspiration came from his trip to New Orleans and New York. Whether it was a love affair or the great scenery from the countryside that truly inspired him is unknown; nevertheless this first book was the beginning to an exciting c areer. Whitman viewed himself as the first real American poet. His poetry was symbolic of freedom and democracy, as well as emotions and beliefs. Later editions of Leaves of Grass were published in 1856 and 1860. These editions were full of new poems as well as revised earlier ones. At this time, Whitman was the editor of a local newspaper, the Brooklyn Daily Times, in addition to helping is father in carpentry. It was in 1862 when he found out his brother was injured in the war and he traveled South to serve as a volunteer nurse to the military until 1867. During his time as a nurse, Whitman composed several war poems which were published in the 1867 edition of Leaves of Grass.

Infancy and Early Childhood Development Paper Essay

Infancy and early childhood are considered a time when most cognitive, social, emotional, and physical development takes place; allowing it to be exceptional and very essential in human development. A child’s development does not start at birth but through proper nutrition before and during conception. â€Å"Infancy and early childhood is a critical stage of development that forms the foundation for children’s future well-being and learning† (UNICEF, 2011). At this early stage of life, development can be hinder due to certain factors within families and the environment. In this paper, I will explain how families affect the development of infants and young children. I will also evaluate different parenting styles and its influences on a child’s development during the infancy and early childhood stages while voicing my opinion on which parenting style I believe is most effective. Lastly, I will discuss early childhood education and the influence it plays on cognitive development. Effect of Families on Development Throughout history, the role of families and how it affects a child development has been a topic of discussion for centuries. â€Å"Family is the first interaction that a child have that remains continuously† (Elkin & Handel, 1978). The family structure and parent-child communication have more of an impact on the child development than those early years of attending daycare. Throughout the United States, children are raised in various family environment ranging from single to dual parenting, same-sex parenting, and multi-racial parenting. All of those factors contribute to the different families, cultures, and religion a child is introduced to because they are all spawned through marriage, divorce, and other forms of relationship connections. Berger (2011), argues that â€Å"families accommodate responses in children from the facial expression, emotional and physical connections.† â€Å"The sense of security a child finds at their home base is the foundation of their s uccess in life† (Harris, nd; Faith, n.d). Engaging in â€Å"baby talk† allows children to gain socialization skills. Positive family interactions make room for healthy brain, emotional, and cognitive development. Children learn from their surroundings, they absorb all information from families and parents; whatever message that is giving  to that child molds the â€Å"basis of the child’s self-concept and self-confidence, which are vital to positive social and emotional developmental changes throughout childhood† (Faith, nd.). During these early stages in a child’s life, they are more dependent on the role of family members to meet their needs thus molding their development in how they will later interact, learn, and view the world. Styles of Parenting Based off the studies of clinical and developmental psychologist Diane Baumrind, she â€Å"found that parents differed on four important dimensions† after studying â€Å"100 preschool children, all from California and mostly middle-class European Americans† (Berger, 2011, pg. 273). These dimensions are expressions of warmth, strategies for discipline, communication, and expectations for maturity. In order to understand the different parenting styles, the characteristics of these dimension for parent should be addressed. Expression of warmth describes a parent who is warm and display affection, when other parents can be analytical. Strategies for discipline are the thought process the parent goes through in determining the best route in dealing with the action of the child. Communication is the value the parent set on listening. Expectations for maturity describe the amount of responsibility that the parent(s) places on the child. The four different dimension of parents, allowed Baumrind to later identify three styles of parenting. Authoritarian Parenting Parents who have an authoritarian style of parenting are â€Å"extremely strict and high controlling† (Gurian, 2011). â€Å"The authoritarian parent’s word is law, not to be questioned† (Berger, 2011). These parents do not expect their children to have an opinion and discussions about emotions are limited. Even though, authoritarian parents may not display emotions of love for their children; the love is there, some argue that it is â€Å"tough love† and a way to help children self soothe themselves and mold the child into coping with the world better. Santrock (2010), argues that children whose parents use the authoritarian style of parenting are â€Å"often unhappy, fearful, and anxious about comparing themselves to others, fail to initiate activity, and have weak communication skills.† These children usually grow up to respect authority and are likely to become obedient, but place blame  on themselves for their failures or if things go wrong. Permissive Parenting â€Å"Permissive parents (also called Indulgent parents) â€Å"make few demands, hiding any impatience they feel (Berger, 2011, pg. 273). Parents do not believe in disciplining the child based on their thoughts of the maturity level of the child. These parents are more attached to their child needs and are very nurturing and accepting. They believe that children should have â€Å"free will† in choices to help shape and mold their character, they maintain a â€Å"friend† relationship with their child. The children that fall under the guidance of this style of parenting â€Å"usually have little self-control and little respect for others† (Santrock, 2010). These children usually grow up living at home and make immature decisions in life. Authoritative Parenting Unlike the authoritarian style of parenting, parents who fall under authoritative parenting â€Å"set limits and enforce rules but yet they also listen to their children† (Berger, 2011, pg., 273). This style of parenting allows room for maturity understanding that children make mistakes and that not all actions involve punishment. These parents â€Å"consider themselves as guides for their children† (Berger, 2011, pg. 273). Children who fall under this style are usually â€Å"cheerful, self-controlled, self-reliant, achievement-oriented, and maintain a friendly relationship with peers† (Santrock, 2010). Neglectful/ Uninvolved Parenting There is one more style of parenting that Baumrind failed to recognize, maybe because it is not a form of parenting in the eyes of society or that it â€Å"is sometimes mistaken for the permissive style, but is actually different† (Berger, 2011, pg. 274). The neglectful/uninvolved parenting upholds to its name. Neglectful parenting are those parents who are â€Å"uninvolved with children† (Santrock, 2010). Neglectful parents are unaware of their children action or whereabouts. The children that receive this parenting style are usually â€Å"immature, sad, and abused† (Berger, 2011, pg. 274); they lack self-discipline and have no respect for others; not even their own parents. I believe that the best parenting style depends on the value the parent place on their culture. Some believe that the  authoritarian style of parenting is most effective, because it allows the children to respect authority and function in society better. I am not sure if I necessarily agree that one style of parenting is better than the next. However, I do believe that children need to be guided and have discipline in order to become outstanding citizens. Regardless of which parenting style is most effective, each child will develop their own way of living and learning as they age; each generation is different and new ways of parenting is constantly being introduced. Early Childhood Education and Cognitive Development Early childhood is a time where physical growth takes place but the growth that emerges when early childhood education is presented has a major significant on the development of a child’s cognitive development. Cognitive development â€Å"pertains to the mental processes (language, memory, and problem solving skills that children use to acquire knowledge† (Grisham-Brown, 2009). According to Nuttall (n.d), â€Å"cognitive development impacts a child education and allow educational providers to better support children and in turn, play an active part in a child’s development at home.† Jean Piaget is credited for his work in childhood cognitive development. Piaget believed that children are intelligent but due to the maturity of their brain they just learn differently. â€Å"Piaget’s Cognitive Theory, had three basic components. Schemas â€Å"which are building blocks of a child’s knowledge and how he/she processes and categories informationâ €  (Nuttall, n.d). The second component is the â€Å"process that take place for the transition to expand from one stage to another† (Nuttall, n.d). The third stage â€Å"includes the stages of development themselves† (Nuttall, n.d). An example to sum up how all these stages/component work within a child’s cognition would be how a child can differentiate between a chicken and a turkey. The child at first glimpse may process that they are the same thing, but he/she will later store new information that a turkey has different types of feathers which will help that child to process new information. The benefit of early childhood education plays a crucial and important role in the cognitive development of a child. There are many types of early childhood programs available; with access to these programs children have increase intelligence and gain cognition abilities faster. Child-Centered Programs These programs â€Å"stress children’s development and growth† (Berger, 2011, pg. 253). Child-centered programs are geared to strengthen the child’s own interest and abilities. Many of these programs are self-paced to allow children to explore their artistic expression. Montessori schools and Reggio Emilia are some of the schools that fall under the child-centered programs. Berger (2011), stated that â€Å"child centered programs are often influenced by Piaget, who emphasized that each child discover new ideas, and by Vygotsky, who thought that children learn from the other children, with adult guidance† (pg. 253). Teacher-Directed Programs â€Å"Teacher-directed programs stress academics, usually taught by one adult to the entire group† (Berger, 2011, pg. 255). These programs usually teach letter, numbers, and shape recognition. Within these programs children are required to take naps, have snacks, and go to the bathroom on a set schedule. These programs are usually geared to teach the children time management and appropriate behavior. Children who attend these programs adapt quickly to normal conditions that surround elementary schools. Intervention Programs Intervention programs like head start are aimed to cater to those families less fortunate to enroll their children into other early childhood education programs. â€Å"Both health and cognition† is the goal of these programs (Berger, 2011). These programs aid children to build social skills, importance of health, and learning to get them better prepared for the future. Conclusion It is without a doubt that the first interaction a child receives is that from parents and family members and that those relationships lay the foundation to how a child develops. It molds their personality and overall outcome on life in general. The style of parenting along with the interaction of parents influence development. Those parenting styles are authoritarian, permissive, authoritative, and neglectful parenting. Each style of parenting has a different effect on the child overall well-being  and future. It is safe to say that early childhood education programs have a unique way in being essential to a child cognitive development. Each program is design to fit the child’s individual need but the results are all the same, it produces a higher intelligence rate and improvement in their cognitive development. References Berger, K.S. (2011). The developing person through the life span (8th ed). Retrieved from the University of Phoenix eBook Collection Database. Grisham-Brown, J. (2009). Early childhood development. Influences of early childhood development. Retrieved from http://www.education.com/reference/article/early-childhood-development/ on April 4, 2014, Gurian, A. (2011). Parenting styles/children’s temperaments: the match. Retrieved from http://www.aboutourkids.org/articles/parenting_styleschildren039s_temperaments_match on April 4, 2014. Harris. B & Faith. R. (n.d). How early relationships affect child development. Retrieved from http://mom.me/parenting/5252-how-relationships-affect-child-development/ on April 3, 2014. Nuttall, E. (n.d.). Cognitive development in early childhood education. Retrieved from http://everydaylife.globalpost.com/cognitive-development-early-childhood-education-15503.html on April 5, 2014. Santrock, J.W (2010). A topical approach to life-span development. Bost on: McCraw-Hill Higher Education. UNICEF. (2011). Early childhood development: a key to a full and productive life. Retrieved from http://www.unicef.org/dprk/ecd.pdf on April 1, 2014.

Criminology In The Future Essay

This world is constantly changing every day. When the world changes, the people change, and new technology populates, and so does the crime rates. Criminals will try to create new ways to commit crimes. The criminal justice system should pay close attention to these new technologies to keep the people safe. Law officials have to follow the law while using these technologies. Future advancement will allow criminology to determine civil liberty and ethical violations, as technology as and will become more of a vital element for law industry. Technology has always been a reliable source to law officials. Technology has included several tools such as: computers, cameras, maps, DNA systems, and many more that have benefited to law enforcements. New technology will not only solve cases current or conclude why a person murdered a relative of six, but also solve cold cases and also provide a more in-depth look at the causes of people committing murder and how their brains operate. Robots are being used continuously to help law enforcement prevent crimes. Robots are trained machines that operate faster than a human. The thoughts and practices in criminology will further expand as different crime-fighting methodologies and the directions of crime fighting provide different methods of finding criminal activities. New technologies have provided criminals with a whole new class of crimes and have also made it extremely difficult for them to get caught. The problem is with new high-tech crime is that criminals are already ahead of law officials. It fair to the people to know what kind of new technologies will be used in fighting against crimes. Law enforcement should have a more close relationship to their people since these new technologies are keeping them safe. Law enforcements across the globe are developing ways to use more new technology to fight crime. The idea of using these new technologies will  ensure that law enforcers are meeting the demands of fighting crimes. In the future to come, the crime rate should demonstrate a huge difference if these technologies are benefiting law enforcemen t. GPS monitors are becoming an everyday use for law enforcements because it displays how to get the exact location. Law enforcement are now required to use body cameras. Body cameras will display up close actions made by law enforcers and the criminal. If these new technologies do not benefit then the result will be that law enforcement failed to do their job. The government can only provide so much money to aid to law enforcement. These new technologies are very expensive and should be properly used. Law enforcers will not have to put in as much work to investigate crimes. They will not have to stress about having a heavy workload with the existence of these new advancements. Crimes will be solved much faster because of the speed of these new advancement. It is a good idea that more new technologies are becoming popular because people will no longer have to stress about these criminals. With these new technologies existing, law enforcers are figuring out how to outsmart these criminals. Law enforcers will have the chance to probably gain a better relationship with the people living the communities. It would not be beneficial to only rely on technology because the people are also important to prevent crimes. Crime is a product of human behavior and criminals will commit crimes in various categories. Many states have merged agencies and have become more efficient in the way of service, but many more are slow to realize the benefits of merging when it comes to fighting globalized crimes. With the help of the people, and the new advancement in this world the crime rate should drop tremendously. The new advancement should be tested and train to use accurately. Technology is making possible better surveillance and monitoring, as well as more comprehensive and accessible databases, which raise concerns about information security and privacy. Although, no one knows for sure how long the crime rate will remain low, but creating more advancement should solve the problem. Criminals will no longer be able to get away with murder, stealing, or doing anything that is considered a crime. To promote police accountability and to provide more objective evidence of law-breaking, it is necessary that the computers and databases should be accurately setup. These technology specific goals, if coupled with attention to the obstacles and challenges inherent in organizational  technology adoption, could lead to more effective use of technology by law enforcement organizations nationwide which has the potential to contribute significantly to public safety, long-run cost reduction, and justice. If criminals are caught and punished due to these new technologies then law enforcers should feel ecstatic about their new improvement to the criminal justice system.

Inventories and Cost of Goods Sold Essay Example

Inventories and Cost of Goods Sold Essay Example Inventories and Cost of Goods Sold – Essay Example The paper "Inventories and Cost of Goods Sold" is a great example of an essay on finance and accounting. Students face difficulty in understanding the difference between the physical flow of inventory and the cost flow assumption because the cash flow does not consider taxes in its computations unlike the physical flow of inventory (Greenberg Wilner, 2011). This arises because taxes are not permanently reduced, but deferred. It implies that the reduced amount will still be remitted to the tax authorities after the decrease in the cost of inventory. It is also apparent that the deferred tax owed by an organization is beneficial during inflationary periods since it reduces net income. Another reason that causes confusion between the physical flow of inventory and the cost flow is the earnings in which costs are charged off against current revenues (Greenberg Wilner, 2011). This takes place during inflationary periods when prices of goods are high and the company tends to reduce its c osts by hiking charges. It is also evident that the cost flow assumption is different from the physical flow of the products because a firm can turn around inventory through the sale of its oldest units first and then run the overheads using LIFO or weighted average (Greenberg Wilner, 2011). This suggests that firms normally switch cost flow assumption from FIFO to LIFO during inflation. As a result, spreading the current higher overhead costs into the cost of goods sold (COGS) on the income statement and tax return reveals a positive net income and less payable returns. In this regard, the disparity evident between the physical flow of inventory and the cost flow assumption relates to the taxes and net income that a firm attains to achieve when prices are higher in the market (Greenberg Wilner, 2011).

Troubleshooting Problems in Crystal Growing

Troubleshooting Problems in Crystal Growing There may come a time when you will try to grow a crystal without success. Here are some ideas for possible problems and ways to correct them: No Crystal Growth This is usually caused by using a solution that isnt saturated. The cure is to dissolve more solute into the liquid. Stirring and applying heat can help to get solute into solution. Keep adding solute until you start to see some accumulate at the bottom of your container. Let it settle out of solution, then pour or siphon the solution off, being careful not to pick up undissolved solute. If you dont have any more solute to use, you can take some comfort in knowing that the solution will become more concentrated over time, as evaporation removes some of the solvents. You can speed this process by increasing the temperature where your crystals are growing or by increasing air circulation. Remember, your solution should be loosely covered with a cloth or paper to prevent contamination, not sealed. Saturation Problems If you are sure your solution is saturated, try to eliminate these other common reasons for the lack of crystal growth: Too much vibration:Â  Keep your crystal set up in a quiet, undisturbed location.Contaminant in the solution:Â  The fix is to re-make your solution. The fix only works if you can avoid contamination (wont work if your starting solute is the problem). Common contaminants include oxides from paper clips or pipe cleaners (if youre using them), detergent residue on the container, dust or something else falling into the container.Inappropriate temperature:Â  Experiment with temperature; you may need to increase the temperature around your crystals to get them to grow (increases evaporation). For some crystals, you may need to decrease the temperature (which slows the molecules down and gives them a chance to bind together).Solution cooled too quickly or slowly:Â  Did you heat your solution to saturate it? Should you heat it? Should you cool it? Experiment with this variable. If the temperature changed from the time you made the solution to the present time, the rate of cooling might ma ke a difference. You can increase the rate of cooling by putting the fresh solution in a refrigerator or freezer (faster) or leave it on a warm stove or in an insulated container (slower). If the temperature didnt change, maybe it should (heat the initial solution). Water wasnt pure:Â  If you used tap water, try re-making the solution using distilled water. If you have access to a chemistry lab, try deionized water that was purified by distillation or reverse osmosis. Remember: water is only as clean as its container! The same rules apply to other solvents.Too much light:Â  An unlikely problem with home crystals, but for certain materials, the energy from light can inhibit the formation of chemical bonds.No seed crystals:Â  If you are trying to grow a large single crystal, you will need to get a seed crystal first. For some substances, the seed crystals may form spontaneously on the side of the container. For others, you may need to pour a small amount onto a saucer and let it evaporate to get crystals. Sometimes crystals will grow best on a rough string suspended into the liquid. The composition of the string is important! You are more likely to get crystal growth on cotton or wool string than on nylon or a fluoropolymer.Seed crystals dissol ve when placed in the new container:Â  This happens when the solution isnt fully saturated. See above for details.

Which ACT Score Do Schools Use

Which ACT Score Do Schools Use SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Most colleges will use your ACT scores in some capacity when making admissions decisions. If you take the ACT multiple times, however, it's not always clear which scores they will consider most strongly. In this article, I'll give you an overview of the policies that exist at different colleges when it comes to reviewing ACT scores in the admissions process. The Basics Most schools will focus on composite score values when considering your ACT scores.Schools that require the optional ACT Writing section will usually look at your Writing score separately or in the form of the English Language Arts (ELA) subscore (which is the average of your scores on the English, Reading, and Writing sections).Some admissions committees will look at subscores in the different subject areas based on the student’s academic interests and application strengths. This is most common at specialized colleges that are tech and engineering-oriented and are interested in math scores.Otherwise, schools will mainly look at the average of the four multiple choice sections. Colleges may decide to look at your scores in different ways depending on their policies.Some schools will allow you to exercise Score Choice or use Superscoring, some don’t require score submissions at all, and some may accept other tests in place of the ACT.I’ll go over the different scenarios you might encounter in the next couple of sections. Score Choice and Superscoring Score Choice and Superscoring will affect which ACT scores colleges use in the application process.Score Choice is a built-in feature of the ACT that is allowed by many colleges.It just means that you can decide which test scores you want to send to schools (by test date only, not at the subsection level).Since you’re charged a fee to send score reports for each test date and not just for each school, using Score Choice can also save you money on your applications. You can’t send scores from some sections and not others, so you only have so much flexibility, but you can use Score Choice to keep low scores to yourself. To be clear, this option has always been an inherent aspect of the ACT score reporting process. The ACT doesn't name it anything specific, but I'm calling it Score Choice here because that's the label that most people are familiar with (it's called Score Choice for the SAT). You should also know that some colleges will require you to submit all of your ACT scores, so don't automatically assume that you can omit some of your scores in the reporting process. Superscoring is a practice that some colleges use after they receive your scores.It means that the school will take your highest scores on each section of the ACT and average them into one â€Å"super† composite score.Superscoring is a way for colleges to boost their standardized testing statistics while also allowing you to relax a little more when you take the ACT.If you get low scores on a section on one test date, you can devote your study time to remedying those mistakes. You will be able to focus on improving your scores for that specific section without worrying about the other sections where you already scored well. Of course, Superscoring is only a factor if you submit scores from more than one test date to a school. It's also less common with ACT scores than with SAT scores.Here’s a list of schools that use Superscoring on the ACT. There are also some schools that won't average your top scores into one composite score but will consider your highest individual section scores from different test dates. In general, most colleges will use your best scores on the ACT to judge your application whether that means Superscoring or just using your best one-time composite score out of the scores you decide to send them. If all of your scores together are the Himalayas, most colleges only care about Mt. Everest. What About ACT Writing? Some schools will look at both your composite ACT score and your ACT Writing score.There are 633 colleges that currently require you to submit the ACT Writing section.The ACT Writing test shows colleges how well you can produce a sample of writing under pressure. Your main application essay isn't as helpful in judging your writing ability since most people painstakingly proofread these essays over the course of many hours. The ACT also provides an ELA subscore that averages your scores on the English and Reading multiple choice sections and your score on the essay to create an additional score out of 36.Some schools use this score as a guide for placing students out of introductory writing courses. Other Special Cases There are some schools that are test optional, test blind, or test flexible, meaning you’ll have more choices to make when it comes to submitting your scores.â€Å"Test optional† schools give you the option of submitting your ACT scores, but they don’t require them for a completed application. If you do submit your scores, these schools will consider them in the same way that a school that requires scores might. If you choose not to submit your scores, then they will just use your GPA and high school course record to make their decision instead.There is only one school, Hampshire College, that is "test blind". This means that the admissions committee won't look at your ACT scores even if you do decide to send them. â€Å"Test flexible† schools require you to submit scores from standardized tests, but they will accept other options besides standard ACT or SAT scores.For example, some schools say that you can send them three SAT Subject Test scores or three AP scores instead.In this case, if you decide that other scores are a better representation of your abilities,a school might not look at your ACT scores at all. A very special case. What's inside? Could it be millions of ACT test booklets? We'll never know. Conclusion Colleges use different policies in deciding which ACT scores they will consider in the application process.Most schools require students to submit scores, but they will usually look at the highest composite score or use Superscoring to create your highest possible score out of subscores from different test dates.In most cases, you can choose to send schools only your best composite scores so that they won’t be negatively biased by a bad test date (although some competitive schools request access to all of your scores). Some colleges ask to see your ACT Writing score, but it's considered less strongly than your composite scorein the admissions decision. In rare cases, your ELA subscore will be used to determine your placement in introductory writing courses. There are also test optional colleges that don’t require you to send standardized test scores at all and test flexible schools where you can send other test scores in place of the ACT.You should look up the policies at schools that interest you. For most colleges that take the ACT into consideration, you can assume that your highest score will be used in making admissions decisions. What's Next? You may be wondering how high of a score you should be aiming for on the ACT based on your college goals. Read our guide to find out what a good ACT score looks like for you. You get four free score reports to send to colleges when you take the ACT. Our article will help youdecide whether to make use of them or not. How do you send your ACT scores to colleges anyways? I'm so glad you asked. Just click on the link to learn more! Disappointed with your ACT scores? Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically.

Implentation of effective youth justice practice Essay

Implentation of effective youth justice practice - Essay Example This learning journey has enabled me as a practitioner to develop the necessary expertise and also to effectively implement strategies and interventions which lead to the two primary functions of supporting young people who need to re-adjust to lead non criminal lives. This expertise includes applying a variety of strategies and approaches that I have attained as a practitioner in the course of my studies. The knowledge and expertise that one gains from the course is not, however, focused merely on dealing with young offenders but also includes developing my personal capacity to ensure a reflective approach to my work. The youth justice practitioner is trained to develop a discerning and critical attitude towards their area of expertise as well as ensure that the same is fundamentally ethical, sound and based on correct and accurate knowledge. This is achieved by gaining a thorough and extensive knowledge of the England and Wales youth justice system and the immediate application of this knowledge, not only to one’s work as a professional but also within the context of a multi-agency setting. The need to be reflective in our practice and critically analyse outcomes to influence future processes is I believe imperative in the ability to develop our own practice and the delivery of a continually improving service. It emphasizes the need to consciously structure reflection in area s where in the past we as practitioners have perhaps ‘naturally’ carried out our own analysis. The need to formalise this process has been amplified over the years. The truth is that while the main purpose of the adult criminal justice system is to punish the criminal according to the level of his or crime, the aim of the juvenile justice system is to apply rehabilitation or mentoring to juvenile offenders in order to prevent further crimes and to change their delinquent

Healthcare Information Management System Coursework

Healthcare Information Management System - Coursework Example Next force is the need to measure correctly the performance of health care providers and practitioners with the use of IT (Brailer and Terasawa, 2003). Other forces such as visions by stakeholders on how IT can transform health care while reducing the cost at the same time. These factors have led to a paradigm shift from traditional record keeping systems to a transformed IT centered system. It can be leveraged in various sectors of health care especially in patient data record keeping. Other areas include patient relationship management and use of Electronic laboratories, Tele-consultation and Electronic prescription. This way IT can be used to improve of efficiency in health care. 2. Strategies for achieving interoperability of health care applications Interoperability refers to the ability of various applications used to communicate and transfer information in healthcare management. The main communication channel is between health information systems and the software applications. Strategies should be developed so as to ensure efficient and timely data transmission between health care applications. Also, strategies should be made in order to replace old and incompatible equipment with modern ones and active personnel training on the use of interoperability equipment. Healthcare institutions should also ensure that there is proper coordination and cooperation between the various departments (Brailer and Terasawa, 2003). Strategies must also be made to institutionalize healthcare systems, which assist in planning among data transmitting departments while encouraging growth of flexible architectural interoperability structures. The management in healthcare facilities must also fund actively the projects set up to ensure and give solutions to interoperability. 3. Core competencies for IT departments that support health care organizations. Competencies are characteristics of something that make it standout and help achieve set goals and objectives. For a competen ce to be considered core, it must have a wide breadth of application and be highly relevant to the end user, as well as maintain distinction and difficult to imitate. For the health care sector, IT has five core competences that make it suitable for adoption. One is that IT departments help in business analysis. When data is fed into IT applications, they can process it for success of expected results such as analysis of patient recovery rates. The second core competence for IT department is Innovation. Innovation will come in handy in healthcare departments due to the rapid changes in technology. The third is knowledge management, which can be used to improve the knowledge work systems in other health departments. Fourth competence for IT department in health care is solution web management. This is the ability of IT to provide web based solutions to heath care problems (Brailer and Terasawa, 2003). Such include online prescription and consultation. Lastly, IT departments help in c hange management, especially where new projects are being implemented. This is necessary in health care as in order to ensure efficiency in service delivery, new systems and equipments are being introduced. 4. The benefits of leveraging information technology, such as the EMR, in health care. One of the main benefits of introducing IT is the reduction of costs in health care. This is achieved through reduced costs of regular book keeping with the shift from

Airline or Credit Card Membership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Airline or Credit Card Membership - Essay Example This can be seen from the program’s logical options to add member, cancel member, update member information or view member information. Details that can be viewed are the member name, address, phone number, points, address, phone number, notes and member ID number. The other options that exist are to add points for a member, minus points, redeem gift certificates for a member and give the annual present. IV. System Design This is a logic system design for the project. The inner circle is the logical next step to the user’s logging in to the system (Yeates & Wakefield, 2003: 42). The outer cordon and its connectives check the various options, for example, is the user active or not, is she eligible for a reward or not. V. Possible Future Extensions to the Present Design Possible future extensions to the present design might include choice of selection of rewards for users depending on their accumulated points. Not only Gold members should be rewarded, there should also be something for Silver members, Platinum and Bronze, depending on the range of points accumulated during the year. The choice of rewards also makes it more worthwhile for members, when they can choose to accumulate reward points till their target reward can be purchased. This was a good exercise in programming and logic and has not only made the team more aware of the options possible but in doing so also helped them think out of the box to incorporate more options into the scheme that the users are sure to appreciate and enjoy.

Political and Economic Systems of India and Japan Essay

Political and Economic Systems of India and Japan - Essay Example Gratitude to the achievement of India's financial reforms since 1991, ever since then it is opening to come out as a global economic control. The nation's burst through in the IT business is mainly extraordinary. Though, Japan's concerns in India continue low compared to that in China and the ASEAN countries, which is replicated in the low levels of personal foreign straight savings. There is prospective for future growth of Japanese venture in India, in spite of a lot of obstructions comprising infrastructure, system of government, and literary and language hurdles. In order to understand this potential   Several see Japan as an up-and-coming colossus, but India is functioning tough to hold up. Both scheme extraordinary economic expansion but in very diverse political, martial and cultural backgrounds. Economist and Politicians converse India and Japan as the economics of the 21st century.   The problem in previous days was mostly that through the Cold War years, there was not a great deal of an association amid India and Japan. It merely started after 1991 when there was an alteration in the financial policy and the financial reform procedure started in India. However so far, past ten years, Economist and Politicians believe that though India and Japan have a lot-balancing function to play in economic features, there is until now a lot of possible aptitudes to be discovered in the relationship between the two countries. Each government has not subjugated this fundamental potentiality so far. Thus, both the countries have fairly a lot to do to make efforts to additionally endorse investment in every other country.   The stage of the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), which approaches to India in contrast with what goes to Japan, is around one to ten. The sum Indians are investing in India is around 200 million dollars, but about 2 billion dollars is going to China and Japan yearly. Apparently, there is geological proximity between Japan and China, and to both nations with India.   The Indian citizens are extremely welcoming towards Japanese or Chinese, and a very pro-Japanese feeling subsists in India. Many people speak about the general legacy that Indians and Japanese share, particularly Buddhism, which came from India to Japan all the way through China. Moreover, previous Prime Minister Nehru talked concerning the development in India after Japan overwhelmed Russia in 1904, or the knowledge of the position taken by Judge Pal at the Far Eastern War Criminal Tribunal. However, while all this points to a high-quality ambiance, there is not a lot straight impact of this when depositors make the choice to invest. One has to build more alert attempts to develop the investment environment in India from Japan, and one requires to make more cognizant efforts on Indian fraction to additionally augment investments now in India.

A critical analysis of a recent PR, advertising or social media Essay

A critical analysis of a recent PR, advertising or social media campaign - Essay Example Given the decision to do commercial advertising, Nike first ventured in printing advertisements that appeared in major dailies in the United States. The company also invested in magazine advertisements. Before the year 1982, Nike put more focus on sponsorships as well as the trending celebrity endorsements. Since that period, the celebrity advertisement has revolutionized, with many corporate entities embracing the need to collaborate with celebrities in a bid to convince more customers to use their products (Cronin, 2004). It was in the same year that Nike hired the services of Wieden + Kennedy, an advertising agency that has since then had strong ties with this giant sportswear company. It is with the help of the partnership with Wieden that Nike begun airing advertisements across television channels in the United States. Television advertising was a boost for the image of the company, as many of the elite group had access to television. Television advertisements helped the company to emphasize more on the technical superiority of its products, therefore positioning the company as a brand for aspiring and serious athletes across various sporting disciplines. In addition to highlighting their product superiority, Nike ventured into advertising their fashion accessories across the young customers, promoting their merchandise across schools and other sporting institutions (Wernick, 1991). The activities of the Nike Company in advertising played a major role in the internationalization of the company. Over the past three decades, Nike has grown to various overseas sporting leagues, with the company being a major corporate figure that sponsors major athletes in the sporting world. This growth in revenue as well as the involvement in multinational sporting markets defines Nike as a global leader in the sporting market. Soccer is no exception. However, the authority of Nike in the soccer

Political and Economic Systems of India and Japan Essay

Political and Economic Systems of India and Japan - Essay Example Gratitude to the achievement of India's financial reforms since 1991, ever since then it is opening to come out as a global economic control. The nation's burst through in the IT business is mainly extraordinary. Though, Japan's concerns in India continue low compared to that in China and the ASEAN countries, which is replicated in the low levels of personal foreign straight savings. There is prospective for future growth of Japanese venture in India, in spite of a lot of obstructions comprising infrastructure, system of government, and literary and language hurdles. In order to understand this potential   Several see Japan as an up-and-coming colossus, but India is functioning tough to hold up. Both scheme extraordinary economic expansion but in very diverse political, martial and cultural backgrounds. Economist and Politicians converse India and Japan as the economics of the 21st century.   The problem in previous days was mostly that through the Cold War years, there was not a great deal of an association amid India and Japan. It merely started after 1991 when there was an alteration in the financial policy and the financial reform procedure started in India. However so far, past ten years, Economist and Politicians believe that though India and Japan have a lot-balancing function to play in economic features, there is until now a lot of possible aptitudes to be discovered in the relationship between the two countries. Each government has not subjugated this fundamental potentiality so far. Thus, both the countries have fairly a lot to do to make efforts to additionally endorse investment in every other country.   The stage of the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), which approaches to India in contrast with what goes to Japan, is around one to ten. The sum Indians are investing in India is around 200 million dollars, but about 2 billion dollars is going to China and Japan yearly. Apparently, there is geological proximity between Japan and China, and to both nations with India.   The Indian citizens are extremely welcoming towards Japanese or Chinese, and a very pro-Japanese feeling subsists in India. Many people speak about the general legacy that Indians and Japanese share, particularly Buddhism, which came from India to Japan all the way through China. Moreover, previous Prime Minister Nehru talked concerning the development in India after Japan overwhelmed Russia in 1904, or the knowledge of the position taken by Judge Pal at the Far Eastern War Criminal Tribunal. However, while all this points to a high-quality ambiance, there is not a lot straight impact of this when depositors make the choice to invest. One has to build more alert attempts to develop the investment environment in India from Japan, and one requires to make more cognizant efforts on Indian fraction to additionally augment investments now in India.

Human resource presentation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Human resource presentation - Essay Example Advocates of the theory like Peter Denholtz believe that the e-cigarette could be a start to a new era of productivity. In modern busy working environment, people do not find time to leave their office seats and go out to the stairs to have a smoke. This is where e-cigarettes are helpful. It is not injurious to the health of other people, and normally co-workers would not mind someone smoking this type of a cigarette. So with an e-cigarette, an employee would not lose his focus from work as he would not have to look for a smoking area every time he wants to smoke (Pyrillis 6). Celia Joseph, an employee of Fisher and Phillips in Philadelphia, is of the opinion that it all comes down to the needs and corporate culture of an organization. Employers would have to figure out their HR policies. They would have to figure what type of a ban to place. For example, a ban on using e-cigarettes could be placed because of the tobacco it contains or because of the vaporized smoke it emits. If the ban is placed because of tobacco and not the vaporized smoke then, an employer would have no objection in people smoking in the workplace (Pyrillis 8). Pyrillis, Rita. â€Å"Electronic Cigarettes Strike Up Controversy Among Employers.† October 25, 2013. Workforce. Web. October 15, 2014

Engineers related with the internal combustion engine Essay Example for Free

Engineers related with the internal combustion engine Essay Rudolf Diesel resided in Paris and was born in 1858. Munich Polytechnic was the school that enhanced his capabilities. Diesel was interested at engine design. Rudolf was recognized in engine designs; Engines like the solar powered air engine was one of his recognizable inventions. He also known to as to publish articles about an engine with combustion within a cylinder; it was soon known as the internal combustion engine. In 1894, he patented his so called diesel engine. The engine invented by Diesel was known to be the first that can ignite the fuel without spark. The first operation of the engine was in 1897 and it was said to be successful. The internal combustion engine with the diesel engine was government granted rights in 1898 (National Inventors Hall of Fame). Nikolaus Otto was a resident of Holzhausen, Germany. On June 14, 1832, Otto was born in Germny. Nikolaus Otto was a drop out in the high school and after that he work as aid for a grocery store. He became a person of hard work; he acquired many works. He works as clerk and traveling salesman in different institution. He collected data and soon find out about the gas engine that was invented by Etienne Lenoir. Unexpectedly, the Lenoir engine came to failure and then was not recognized. Lenoir engine has a troublesome ignition system. From the failure, Otto thinks about the use of liquid fuel. He soon devised a carburetor to help the work of Lenoir have developments. The two stroke engine was patented by Otto and his partner in 1861. The two-stroke invented ran on a gas. With the recognition acquired in the two stroke engine, he came up to the idea of making the four-stroke engine. It was made as substitution for steam engine (Pagewise). Jean-Joseph-Etienne Lenoir, French engineer and inventor, who came to developed the internal combustion engine. He was also known to make white enamel 1847, an electric brake and also develop an automatic telegraph. Before Lenoir work came to recognition, many other works of internal combustion were claimed by unreliable inventors. His model of combustion engine was very practical that it made them become real. The engine being developed by Lenoir was made up of cylinder with storage battery. Slide valves were provided in the two-stroke cycle and this cycle was fuelled by coal gas. Powering small items of machinery was his engine used for. He patented his internal combustion engine in 1860 that used kerosene as fuel. After two years of development, his engine makes a record of having a speed of 6. 4 km per hour (Auuuu. com. ). Impact Through the years of development and innovation of internal combustion engine, it was said to be show significance and impact to the world. Especially with industries and automobiles and cars, internal combustion engines were set to be as important in all terms. In the 1900’s, western countries were utilizing this kind of engine produce a large amount of automobiles. Internal combustion engine was adapted for use in by ever sea, land and air transportation. With sea transportation, much numbers of ships or any sea transport means used diesel engines. In this way they are providing easiness in the transportation of people as wee as goods thru and from port. Trade becomes more rapid and less expensive. Airplanes also have been thankful to the development of gasoline engine. Before the development of internal combustion engine, flights have been not good. But thru the development of these internal combustion engines, it has played an important role in private, commercial and military aviation. In farming and food production, internal combustion engine was said to be also important. Abundance of food and were seen as tractors and other farming equipments were powered by diesel engines. There is a significant improvement that was seen; there is an increase in the amount of land farmed. This means that it was not only the farm owners who will be benefiting but also the consumers. This is because the costs of farm goods will decrease. And not only that, internal combustion it is also seen to be producing much more amount of goods. On the environmental aspect, internal combustion engine was not bad for the environment. Actually, it was really significant. Internal combustion engines were being operated thru burning forms of hydrocarbons as it also discharges exhaust gases. These petroleum based hydrocarbons were to produce carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and water also. Other impact in the environment is very great because the process of extraction of provides some invariably great results (Auuuu. com). Internal combustion Engine (Overall Aspect and Summary) The internal combustion engine a prime mover, that means it utilizes some form of energy to shift objects. In the mid of the nineteenth century, the first reliable internal combustion engines exist and were industrialized. It was also almost instantly put to use for transportation. The development and improvement of the internal combustion engine helped to people in was that it helps them to do toughest manual work. There were several engineers and inventors who supposed to give try to make the internal combustion engine. But not all had been successful for the development. Here are the names of the famous engineers and inventors that were given recognition for the development of these engines. One is Lenoir, made the first possibility of the internal engine. Otto and Diesel was also seen to be accomplished for the successful of the internal combustion engine. Another is Daimler and Maybach who gave it a try with bicycle and motorcycle. They also produced a car making it have the four-speed gearbox. Karl Benz also was known due to his production of gasoline car. There are even more inventors and engineers who have shared their ideas to develop or at least improve the internal combustion engine. The impact of internal combustion engine was really significant for the different modes of transportation and industrial countries. They were given the easiness of providing fast service to their consumers. The transport modes were speedy service. The industrial parts were to produce their products in a fast pace. At home, it was also significant because all equipments like chainsaws and the like were also powered by internal combustion engine. As well in farms, the production was made fast because of the engine that helps them farmed much amount of lands. The economic also was being benefited in term of providing carbon monoxide and dioxide and water which is essential for the everyday life. These were really signifies that the development of internal combustion engine was made for the good purpose for the human and the world. It does not only secure the impacts on the industrialized nation but also concerns with the whole community. Conclusion Internal combustion engine was only one of the essential development and innovation in the world of technology. Since great inventors are coming up with ideas that will provide good impacts on the community as well with the technology itself. The engineers and inventors are making sure that every innovative idea within the world of technology, the significant and the development must come together as these ideas were to be brought out in the community. Internal combustion engines are most generally used for movable force systems. Home, industries, transport companies and farmers are the common groups that were being benefited by these innovations of the internal combustion engines. Electric generators and industry were also utilizing these engines. These innovations had greatly affects essentially for the fast paced of works in any of these groups. Works Cited Auuuu. com. â€Å"Internal-Combustion Engine† 1 December 2007 http://www. auuuu. com/cars/22. html Bellis, Mary.â€Å"The History of Engines How Engines Work. † 30 November 2007 http://inventors. about. com/library/inventors/blinternalcombustion. htm 2007. NASA. â€Å"Internal Combustion Engine. † 30 November 2007 http://www. grc. nasa. gov/WWW/K-12/airplane/icengine. html. National Inventors Hall of Fame. â€Å"Inventor’s Profile: Rudolph Diesel. † 1 December 2007 http://www. invent. org/hall_of_fame/42. html . Pagewise. â€Å"Nikolaus August Otto: Inventor of the Internal Combustion Engine. † 1 December 2007 http://ia. essortment. com/nikolausaugust_rcoe. htm.

Food Insecurity In Bangladesh Economics Essay

Food Insecurity In Bangladesh Economics Essay The international community often uses the term food security to describe not only the availability of food, but the ability to purchase food. It means not only a reliable source of food but also adequate resources to purchase it. When members of a family do not live in a hunger or fear for starvation then the family considered as food secure.. According to the World Food Summit(1996), Food security exists when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food which meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life. Generally, the notion of food security is defined as counting both physical and economic access to food that meets peoples dietary needs as well as their food preferences. This definition of food security is built on three principal elements: adequate food availability, adequate access to food and appropriate food utilization. Food security occupies a significant position in social and political constancy of a country. Eradication of extreme poverty and hunger is the First Millennium Development Goal (MDG 1) targeted by United Nations(2012). The apprehension of this goal would not only improve the health and well-being of millions around the globe, but it would also maintain the attainment of the remaining seven MDGs. Food insecurity which is a condition that exists when people do not have adequate physical, social, or economic access to food(Food and Agricultural Organization [FAO], 2010 p8). Eradicating hunger and food insecurity is mostly important providing it is a key risk factor for malnutrition and illness, which jointly reduce productivity and economic development(Motiur Rahman et al.). Although the number and proportion of hungry and malnourished people has retreated slightly since the 2009 economic and food price crisis, an estimated 870 million people will be hungry in 2012(FAO, 2012). Little progress in poverty reduction is likely to be seen whereas hunger and malnutrition remain extensive. In other words, poverty, hunger and poor health are interlinked; the rate of each contributes to the presence and persistence of the others. Figure 1 is a conceptual framework interpreting the linkages to desired outcomes (central and upper half of the diagram) and potential risks (lower half). Source: Webb and Rogers, Addressing the In in Food Insecurity(2003) This framework recommends that food availability obtains from domestic agricultural output such as cash crops, livestock and food crops, preferably through feasible use of natural resources (water, land and vegetation). At the national level net food imports enhance the total food availability from domestic sources. Food access deals with the capability of households to secure food in the marketplace or from other sources (transfers, gifts, etc.). Household purchasing power is the key to access and this varies in relation to market integration, price policies, and temporal market conditions. Food utilization organizes issues of food quality and safety, sufficiency of intake at the individual level, and the conversion efficiency of food by the body that results in sound nutritional status and growth. In the latter illustration, the disruption of health infrastructure, lack of nutrition education and discrimination against women in controlling resources all have a detrimental impact on individual outcomes(Webb and Rogers). Bangladesh is a small country in southern Asia. According to the 2011 census, the population of Bangladesh in 2011 was about 149 million(Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics). Bangladesh is home to a densely populated flood plain delta in the world with 1,062 people per square kilometer(PRB, 2012). It regularly suffers from natural disasters such as floods, cyclones and drought. It is also vulnerable to the growing effects of global climate change. Tendency to natural disasters, distribution and quality of agricultural land, access to education and health facilities, level of infrastructure development, employment opportunities, and dietary and caring practices are the main factors of food in security in Bangladesh. Food availability likely to be hampered by production failures associated with labor restraints, gender inequality in land possession and loss of productive assets needed to sustain household food production(Maxwell and Smith, 1992). The adequate production, distribution and availability of fundamental food items in Bangladesh have always been a cause of ineterst for governments, international donor organizations and socio-economic researchers. Rice is the staple food of Bangladesh and contains around 94 percent of all food grains produced per annum Food security, in the context of Bangladesh, is therefore strongly related around the production, import and price stability of rice. Food availability in the domestic market does not essentially guarantee food security for the masses. According to the BBS Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2010(BBS), 31.5 percent of households in Bangladesh have income that is considered to be below the poverty line, and a substantial portion of the se poor households suffer from food deficiency and malnutrition. The major reason for food insecurity in Bangladesh is poverty, which is both the cause and outcome of food insecurity. Poor households are lack of sufficient and nutritious food, and are likely to be food insecure. Food insecure people may have to sell or consume their productive assets to satisfy their instant food needs. This destabilizes their longer-term income potential and they may become poor. To analysis food security, both national and individual perspectives are important. Food security at the national level means there are sufficient stocks of food available in the country to meet domestic needs until such time as stocks can be refilled from harvests and /or imports. On the other hand, at individual level it means all members of the society have access to the food they require, either from their own production, from marketplace and/or from different transfer system of the government. Usually the national lev el food security masks the actual food security situation at the household level. National level analysis always evaluates the availability and requirement of food grains. It has to be understood that availability and supply are not always the same. Household purchasing power has major impact on access to food. This purchasing power fluctuates in relation to market integration, price policies and temporal market situations. The dominant food rice contributing to over 63 percent of the caloric intake for urban consumers and over 71 percent for the rural population based on 2010 household survey data by BBS(BBS, 2010). These percentages are much higher for the poor. A number of factors in Bangladesh prevent poor households or individuals from accessing food even adequate food supplies are available. The level of earnings may be too low to purchase the essential foods at existing prices from the market, lack of own land for cultivation, or may lack the fundamental resources or approach to credit to help handle with difficult times. Moreover, they may locate themselves exterior to any community support or program that offers them with in-kind or cash transfers to subsidize their food attainment capability. Food security has been a c ritical issue in the recent past regime of high food prices across the globe. In rural Bangladesh, agricultural wage employment is the major source of income for a poor household. Though, household members may be attached in a whole range of diverse liveliness throughout the year. A household becomes vulnerable to cyclical food when it depends on agricultural wage labor as this employment opening differs according to season. Through the lean seasons that are in March-April and October-November, earlier to harvesting the main rice crops, job opportunities are low. As a result there are low wage rates whereas food prices are at their peak. Earnings derived from non-agricultural sources supplies a potential safeguard across the cyclical nature of agricultural income which in turn can improve household food security. Vulnerability can be defined as the exposure and sensitivity to livelihood shocks, a concept that begins with the notion of risk(Greenblott, 2006). Households in Bangladesh experience a multiplicity of risks that can, independently or in combination, drag them into poverty. There are shocks that involve numerous households directly, likely to overcome social coping approaches established upon support inside families and communities, and there are case-specific shocks that stress involved units. By lowering exposure to risks and rising the households capability to deal with shocks vulnerability can be curtailed, but responses count on the extent and severity of damage. Damage caused by natural disasters is one of the major risks encountered by poor Bangladeshi households. Huge damage to crops, houses, livestock, household and community properties occurred by floods, cyclones erosions and droughts. In each year this disasters can lead to illness and death. Physical access to food and f ood stocks are hampered by disaster, it destroys crops as a result markets are temporarily dysfunctional that lead to an increase in the essential food price. Household food security status affected by natural disasters directly by crippling their asset base and indirectly by loss of employment opportunities, an increase in health expenditure and an increase in essential food expenditure(Coates et al.). Market availability of, and household access to food are not adequate to ensure food security. In what way household members utilize the food is also very important. Socio-cultural factors that determine the availability of food, access to and utilization of food affects the food consumption behavior, nutritional status, health and food security. Poverty, gender, age and disability, geographical location and cultural practices are important factors that affect food consumption patterns. Poverty directly influences food consumption due to lack of access to resources, knowledge and markets. Gender disparities in food distribution can cause malnutrition, especially for pregnant/lactating mothers and children(Coates et al., 2006). Lack of incomes is the principal driver of under-consumption and malnutrition for approximately 31.5 percent of Bangladeshis who live under the poverty line(BBS, 2010). Households that lack productive assets and depend on inconsistent sources of daily wage labo r are more vulnerable to food insecurity. Groups such as landless, agricultural day laborers, casual fishermen and beggars fall into this category. Within households, children, the disabled, pregnant women and nursing mothers, and the elderly face relatively high nutritional risks. Over 60 percent of all pregnant and lactating women have insufficient caloric intake, which can produce malnourished babies(World Food Programme [WFP]). General nutritional awareness, access to proper sanitation and health care, and caring practices are essential elements of an individuals capacity to absorb and utilize the nutrients in the diet and eventually of ones food security status. Other than consumption levels, different household characteristics can also show improvement in the standard of living. While standard of living and food security are anticipated to be highly linked, it would not be unexpected to find these characteristics to be related with food security issues. Therefore, it would be rational to anticipate that households with better qualities are also demonstrating lesser level of food insecurity. Quality of housing and food security level are closely related in Bangladesh(Narayan et al., 2007). Rushad Faridi and Syed Naimul Wadood(2010) stated in their study, households which are living in houses built with straw roofs (hemp/hay/bamboo) are the poorest segment of the population. Similarly, households living in houses with straw roofs, food insecurity is the most prevalent. On the other part, houses with brick wall seem to be the most food secure. These two surveillances show that household infrastructure is a strong indicator of wealth and conseq uentially, the food security situation. After categorizing the households by the level of ownership, occupancy status has an important role in determining the household welfare situation. Compared to other groups house owners are better off in terms of food security. Households, with their head engaged in salaried wage employment, are around 10 per cent more likely to be food insecure than households with their head in agricultural labour. In the same manner, electricity connection is also a marker showing higher orders of food-insecurity surrounded by the households which have no electricity connection. Education is clearly connected with food security issues with the assumption that household heads with more human wealth are prone to suffer less from food insecurity. Food insecurity is a key apprehension for the global development community as it negatively impacts diet and nutritional status. Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies have shown that household food insecurity is also linked with various non-nutritional consequences in children, adolescents, and adults(Weaver and Hadley, 2009), including poor infant feeding(Saha et al., 2008), poor physical growth(Saha et al., 2009), poor child development(Hernandez and Jacknowitz, 2009, Jyoti et al., 2005), educational achievement(Jyoti et al., 2005), poor physical and mental health(Heflin et al., 2005, Siefert et al., 2004), behavioral problems and problems in parenting(Huang et al.,2010). These findings have guide to apprehension that household food insecurity influences well-being through multiple pathways involving social and psychological conditions such as deprivation, worry, distress, alienation, and alteration of family interactions as well as a pathway involving dietary intake to nutritio nal status(McCurdy and Gorman). These quantitative findings and the related concepts of non-nutritional pathways are supported by qualitative work showing that food insecurity, in addition to its nutrition-related effects, manifests itself through social and psychological conditions leading to altered behavior at individual and group levels. There are various social and psychological consequences of food insecurity in Bangladesh. First, anxiety and worries, concerning not having food for consumption or other social and religious needs and regarding determinants of food availability such as flood, cyclones, drought persist throughout the year, lead to weight and sleep loss, and point out more severe food insecurity. Second, influence of socially undesirable ways of coping with food insecurity (borrowing and asking for foods) generates dishonor which contributes to and is a sign of isolation from the society. Failure by the head of household to perform his primary accountability of providing food leads to feeling guilt and deprivation. Fear of isolation and deprivation regulates the decision-making of the household related to treatment of food insecurity, including child feeding. Lastly, food insecurity changes intra-household attachment through irritability and aggressiveness in adults, and by lack of food that makes it t ough for parents to keep children at home. The weakness of social model is that it gives the blame on victims those who are food insecure as well as it pointing the finger at deficiencies in public policy and behavior of the administration. Regarding victim blaming, the ill health caused by food insecurity is not due to exclusively individual actions. Some people argued that there should be more responsibilities on the shoulders of individuals for adopting lifestyles which will diminish the risks of becoming their ill health from food insecurity. On the other hand it is not the victims who are responsible for their behavior and ill health from the food crisis. Peoples are influenced and restrained by the social, economic, cultural and physical environments in which they live and the structural settings within which they work. Thus the governments failure to provide proper investments to reduce the food crisis may damaging the health of the vulnerable groups. Bangladesh needs to improve the availability, access, and utilization of food. Efforts to improve food security need to take into account natural and man-made challenges and changes in the domestic and international landscape, including population growth, urbanization, natural resource constraints, and climate change. In general population growth and particularly urbanization put high and growing pressure on land, making it obligatory to increase in agricultural productivity. Millions of marginal and small farms dominate the agricultural production in Bangladesh whereas crop diversification is still limited. Smallholders need to conform to changing demands, markets, and supply chains. Furthermore, the soil is seriously degraded in many parts of the country, fresh water availability for irrigation is increasingly insufficient, and natural disasters regularly damage part of the agricultural output The future food security plan needs to maintain successes in areas where positive trends have been seen; whereas, at the same time, achieving certain milestones that have not yet received enough attention. Public investment is one of the most direct and valuable instruments that governments can use to promote growth, food security, and poverty and hunger reduction. Given both the existing state of food insecurity in Bangladesh and the challenges that the country will face in the future, a comprehensive policy framework is needed that places focus on investment strategies in three major areas: (1) agricultural research and extension, (2) improved access of farmers to well-functioning markets, and (3) improved insurance and targeted social safety net programs for vulnerable groups, especially undernourished women and children. Across these three areas, attention needs to be focused on capacity building and good governance. BANGLADESH BUREAU OF STATISTICS (2011) Bangladesh Population and Housing Census 2011. Dhaka, Statistics and Informatics Division,Ministry of Planning,GoB. BBS (2010) HIES Survey Report 2010. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. COATES, J., WEBB, P., HOUSER, R., ROGERS, B. WILDE, P. He said, she said : who should speak for households about experiences of food insecurity in Bangladesh? Food Security, 2, 81-95. COATES, J., WILDE, P. E., WEBB, P., ROGERS, B. L. HOUSER, R. F. (2006) Comparison of a Qualitative and a Quantitative Approach to Developing a Household Food Insecurity Scale for Bangladesh. The Journal of Nutrition, 136, 1420S-1430S. FAO (2012) The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2012. Rome, Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations. FARIDI, R. WADOOD, S. N. (2010) An Econometric Assessment of Household Food Security in Bangladesh The Bangladesh Development Studies XXXIII, 97-111. FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL ORGANIZATION [FAO] (2010) The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2010. Rome, Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations. FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS (FAO) (1996) Rome Declaration on World Food Security and World Food Summit Plan of Action. Rome, Deputy Director General (Operations). GREENBLOTT, K. (2006) Social Protection in the Era of HIV and AIDS: Examining the Role of Food-Based Interventions. Rome, World Food Programme (WFP). HEFLIN, C. M., SIEFERT, K. WILLIAMS, D. R. (2005) Food insufficiency and womens mental health: Findings from a 3-year panel of welfare recipients. Social Science and Medicine, 61, 1971-1982. HERNANDEZ, D. C. JACKNOWITZ, A. (2009) Transient, but not persistent, adult food insecurity influences toddler development. Journal of Nutrition, 139, 1517-1524. HUANG, J., OSHIMA, K. M. M. KIM, Y. Does food insecurity affect parental characteristics and child behavior? testing mediation effects. Social Service Review, 84, 381-401. JYOTI, D. F., FRONGILLO, E. A. JONES, S. J. (2005) Food insecurity affects school childrens academic performance, weight gain, and social skills. Journal of Nutrition, 135, 2831-2839. MAXWELL, S. SMITH, M. (1992) Household food security: a conceptual review. Household Food Security: concepts, indicators, measurements. Edited by S. Maxwell and T. Frankenberger. Rome and New York: IFAD and UNICEF. MCCURDY, K. GORMAN, K. S. Measuring family food environments in diverse families with young children. Appetite, 54, 615-618. MOTIUR RAHMAN, P. M., MATSUI, N. IKEMOTO, Y. The chronically poor in rural Bangladesh livelihood constraints and capabilities. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY, Routledge. NARAYAN, A., YOSHIDA, N. ZAMAN, H. (2007) Trends and Patterns of Poverty in Bangladesh in Recent Years World Bank. PRB (2012) 2012 World Population Data Sheet Washington DC, Population Reference Bureau SAHA, K. K., FRONGILLO, E. A., ALAM, D. S., ARIFEEN, S. E., PERSSON, L. ÃÆ'. RASMUSSEN, K. M. (2009) Household food security is associated with growth of infants and young children in rural Bangladesh. Public Health Nutrition, 12, 1556-1562. SAHA, K. K., FRONGILLO, E. A., ALAM, D. S., ARIFEEN, S. E., PERSSON, L. ÃÆ'. K. RASMUSSEN, K. M. (2008) Household Food Security Is Associated with Infant Feeding Practices in Rural Bangladesh. The Journal of Nutrition, 138, 1383-1390. SIEFERT, K., HEFLIN, C. M., CORCORAN, M. E. WILLIAMS, D. R. (2004) Food Insufficiency and Physical and Mental Health in a Longitudinal Survey of Welfare Recipients. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 45, 171-186. UNITED NATIONS [UN] (2012) We can End Poverty 2015 Millennium Development Goals. WEAVER, L. J. HADLEY, C. (2009) Moving Beyond Hunger and Nutrition: A Systematic Review of the Evidence Linking Food Insecurity and Mental Health in Developing Countries. Ecology of Food and Nutrition, 48, 263-284. WEBB, P. ROGERS, B. (2003) Addressing the In in Food Insecurity. Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance Project. Washingtin DC, USAID Office of Food for Peace. WORLD FOOD PROGRAMME [WFP] (2012) Food security at a Glance Bangladesh. Rome, World Food Programme.

Vietnams Power Struggle :: International Politics Political Science

â€Å"If you grew up in the 60’s, you grew up with war on TV every night, a war that your friends were involved in. And I want to do this song tonight for all the young people out there if you’re in your teens. Cause I remember a lot of my friends when we were 17 or 18, we didn’t have much of a chance to think about how we felt about a lot of things. And the next time, they’re gonna be looking at you and you’re gonna need a lot of information to know what you’re gonna want to do. Because in 1985, blind faith in your leaders or in anything will get you killed.† -Bruce Springsteen Vietnamese nationalism began when the Vietnamese revolted against France in the Yen Bay revolt under the leadership of Nguyen Thai Hoc. The Indochinese Communist Party was formed in 1930. In 1932, the French installed Bao Dai as emperor, attempting to appeal to traditional authority and oppose the nationalist movements. Through Bao Dai, the French gave the Vietnamese a government that was parented by Paris. When France fell to Germany, during World War II, Japan occupied Vietnam from 1941 to 1945. Ho Chi Minh saw the Japanese invasion as a chance to build up a new nationalist force, one that appealed to all facets of Vietnamese culture. â€Å"Ho founded the Vietminh political organization and conceived the strategy that would eventually drive the French from Vietnam. He and the other Communists who constituted the Vietminh leadership skillfully tapped the deep reservoir of Vietnamese nationalism, muting their stressing independence and â€Å"democratic† reforms. Displaying an organization and discipline far superior to competing nationalist groups, many of which spent as much time fighting each other as the French, the Vietminh established itself as the voice of Vietnamese nationalism (Herring5).† In August 1945, the Vietminh conquered Hanoi. Bao Dai renounced his throne, and soon after, the Japanese surrendered at Hanoi. Ho Chi Minh considered Vietnam independent, and on his own accord, named the country the â€Å"Democratic Republic of Vietnam†. Ho Chi Minh's declaration was not acknowledged by France. Soon, the Vietminh were driven into the North by French forces, but the Vietminh did not allow the French to penetrate any further. In 1945, Ho Chi Minh wrote many letters to Harry Truman that appealed for official US recognition of the â€Å"Democratic Republic of Vietnam†.

Brand management. Dove Essay

1) Why does Unilever want fewer brands? First of all let’s define what we mean does â€Å"brand† mean? I think brand is the practical, emotional, or instinctual response that is stimulated in the brain by a product or company. Brand is the image and feeling that get to people minds and hearts when they hear, smell, see and think of your name, product, and benefit. A brand may identify one item, a family of items, or all items of that seller. If used for the firm as a whole, the preferred term is trade name. Unilever wants fewer brands because it takes time, energy and resources to manage each brand. The more brands you brandish, the more resources you expend. In addition, brands compete with other brands for mental real estate in the customer’s mind. So, Unilever needs to have fewer brands, but these brands have to be stronger. Also, Global decentralization brought problems of control to the company and its portfolio had grown is a relatively laissez-faire manner and that makes Unilever has lacked of g lobal identity. 2) What was Doves market positioning in the 1950’s? What is its position in 2007? In the 1950’s, Dove’s position was a functionally superior cleanser than soap, centered on science. Today, Dove is transforming into a lifestyle brand, centered on an emotional connection between consumer/product. In the 1950s Dove’s positioning was based on the functional superiority of its products and Dove’s position was a functionally superior cleanser than soap, centered on science. Since the formula for the soap had come from military research conducted to find a non-irritating skin cleaner with high levels of natural skin, Dove did not call their product ‘soap’. The advertisements clearly conveyed that Dove was one-quarter cleansing cream and further reinforced this fact visually with photographs that showed cream being poured into a tablet. Thus their positioning in the 1950s was solely based on conveying the benefits of Dove as a moisturizing agen t and a cleanser. However, Dove changed its positioning in 2007. A reason for this change was the parent Unilever’s initiative ‘Path to Grow’. Under this initiative Unilever wanted to reduce the diversity of its brands and bring down the number of brands from 1600 to 400. Unilever had selected Dove as one of its portfolio of brands that would serve as ‘Masterbrand’. Each of these Masterbrands would be an umbrella  identity over a range of product forms. Under this new initiative, Dove was transforming into a lifestyle brand, centered on an emotional connection between consumer and product. This meant that Dove is no longer communicating functional superiority as functionality meant different things in different categories. 3) How did Unilever organize to do product category management and brand management in Unilever before 2000? What was the corresponding structure after 2000? How was brand meaning controlled before 2000 and how is it controlled at the time of this case? Throughout the years, Dove has kept a consistency with their appreciation for natural women. However, their style of messaging has changed. From emphasizing the functional benefit of a moisture rich cleansing bar and having the product sell itself, Ogilvy and Mather advertising agency has created a life stage of confidence for the natural women. They rely on more edgy concepts, though maintaining respect to the product and mission statement. On other word, before 2000, Unilever’s brand management strategy was decentralized and cannibalistically capitalistic, pushing each brand manager to compete with in-house brands. After 2000, organizationally Dove sought to thin the herd and focus on building super-brands. Prior to 2000, the meaning of Dove was simple and aspirational: soap that would not dry your skin. After 2000, Dove used emotional stimulus to implant the product deep in the customers’ minds. Dove became a statement of who you are, so one of the big differences between then and now is the additional availability of options to communicate a branded message to consumers. 4) Spend a little time searching blogs, using Google Blog Search, Technorati, BlogRunner, or any other blog search engines, to get a sense of what people are saying about Dove today. What does this discussion (your blog search) contribute to the meaning of the brand? There is some kind of political or social message included in their advertisements of the real beauty campaign, which heat up discussions on the Internet. On the blogs, I feel there are mostly negative critics about Dove. However, this is with regard to their advertisements so it means the reactions are about the message included in it, not specifically about the products. In addition,  Dove does not include its products in the advertisements of the campaign.†¨Among the blogs, Dove is perceived as a brand which tries to express what the average women looks like. Dove emphasizes on true beauty and naturalness, which concerns a true challenge by expressing this in its advertisements. To some people it is appealing w hile for some others it is not. This comes forth out of believe that the women in the advertisements are not really natural; there is some distrust among a group of customers when it comes to unknown possibility of putting on make-up and using Photoshop in the advertisements. This is what the discussions on blogs can result in; it can generate distrust as well as trust of the Dove brand among people and/or customers and I want to focus on two factors here Image building: Once I typed the term â€Å"Dove†, thousands of posts come out. No matter the comment is good or bad, the more the posts are. From different bloggers, there are different point of views for this brand which provide consumers a whole scope of a product. And if read comment for a famous blogger, his neutral comments not only impress consumers but also even persuade them into buying Dove’s products more. Second, Brand identification: Besides persuasive comments from famous bloggers which make customers devote to it, most discussions are usually customers’ reviews based on their personal experiences and usually follow a product page or a link connected to purchasing pages. In fact, these kind of reviews are almost good words, but even though knowing that the reviews are over exaggerated, customers still identify with Dove unconsciously and furthermore purchase instantly. I believe it is hard to know the effect on the sales of the Dove products and it is not clear, the discussions mainly focus on the message of the advertisement campaigns. †¨In the end, the discussions generate favorable and unfavorable arguments for the Dove brand. The image of women in advertisements is a sensitive subject among women in the world. The term ‘beauty’ captures many different meanings among people and therefore it is a topic, which can lead to endless discussions. Moreover, for Dove this means that it is not perceived as solely a brand for products however, also as a brand which tries to make people aware of the impact of brands and its advertisements in general. Finally, I think they should have focused in both genders or mentioned how males can affect women’s’ decision-making. 5) Footnote 1 of the case leads you to a blogger who asks, with reference to the age of YouTube advertising, â€Å"Is Marketing now cheap, fast and out of control?† Footnote 2 refers to Dove as having started a conversation â€Å"that they don’t have control of.† In â€Å"When Tush comes to Dove† Seth Stevens writes about the â€Å"risky bet that Dove is making†. Do You see risks for the Dove Brand today Summery: Dove consider as the world’s number one brand for health and beauty product sector. In the past it has built its success on innovating products such as its early toilet bar with moisturizing cream, which was quite a revolution on the soap market at that time. Dove’s marketing strategy since 1957 and the launch of the first â€Å"cleansing bar† was to communicate on the functional superiority of its product (no dry sensation) over traditional soap. It was a great success that made the brand the leader on this market. But as I read it in the case, Dove became a â€Å"masterbrand† of Unilever in 2000, which started to sale many health and beauty product (deodorants, body lotions, hair care, etc) under the brand name of Dove. That’s why Dove had to change its advertising strategy. Marketing could no longer base its strategy on the functional superiority of its â€Å"soap† but had to communicate on a wider message. That’s when Dove started with its â€Å"Campain for real beauty† and builds the image of a brand with â€Å"ideas† and â€Å"point of view† on the society. Dove had always preferred natural-looking women for its ads rather than stereotypical models but each time, it was only to promote the benefits of Dove products. In this campaign, it was the first time they promote controversial message against the common image of women’s beauty. They communicated on the natural beauty (provided by Dove products) instead of â€Å"unreachable† and â€Å"fake† beauty that you can see in the majority of advertisement. This controversial marketing campaign had a huge success in terms of media coverage but some people talked about the risks taken by Dove in opening a social debate that they couldn’t control and the fact that they might get the image of the â€Å"fat people† brand which could put them in an uncomfortable marketing position. First of all, Dove made this range of ads to discuss about the common image of beauty in our society. They were taking position as they present themselves as the leader of a battle against non-natural and unreachable beauty. It is a good way to build the image of a brand that has a point of view and cares about women’s problems beyond the need of the product itself (lack of self-esteem, etc). They made some TV ads that to launch the â€Å"buzz† and it worked better than expected as the media started to talk about a new social debate and some TV shows mention it as cultural phenomenon. Then they posted videos on YouTube. After a quick and large spread on the web, the message took another dimension as bloggers and forum’s users start to talk about it. That’s where the risks has begun. As Dove’s message was diffused widely, it was getting harder and harder to control the content of it and the image it wanted to promote. I think the only field where it is risky is for the non-potential consumers that can speak in a bad way about the brand and then change the mind of the potential consumers. As is mentioned in the case, every controversial message is dangerous if you can no longer control it. Some voices started to see Dove as the brand for â€Å"fat women† and saw the no-aspiration aspect in Dove’s advertising. There were a lot of parodies done on the ads and some of them were very critical about Unilever hypocrisy and real motives. Though Unilever was very careful about public relations, there was a risk with this campaign of losing the power of delivering a clear image and message. To conclude, I think that if I could find some risks in this strategy, the benefits of it are far more numerous. . I do not consider it risky for Dove to put an advertisement campaign in this way. Because using this new way of distributing their advertisements only enhances the brand awareness and the attachment and loyalty of customers of the Dove brand. Also, They successfully touched many people in a very short time and, above all, besides the first TV and banner ads, this campaign grew up hugely without costing a thing, which is an amazing advantage and smart act. TV shows and debate, as well as Internet diffusion were doing the work for it. I think their strategy is not a big problem for the brand’s image if we compare it to all Dove’s sales and financial results.